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What is the monoamine theory of mental depression?
Abstract. The monoamine hypothesis of depression predicts that the underlying pathophysiologic basis of depression is a depletion in the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine in the central nervous system.
What is the MAOI theory of depression?
Context The monoamine theory of depression proposes that monoamine levels are lowered, but there is no explanation for how monoamine loss occurs. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that metabolizes monoamines, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
What are the 5 theories of depression?
In short, according to the different theories, depression may be due to (1) biological reasons; (2) insecure attachment; (3) lack of reinforcement of previously-reinforced behaviors; (4) negative interpersonal relations and relations with one’s environment and the resulting negative consequences; (5) attributions made …
What is the meaning of monoamine?
Monoamines are neurotransmitters that play important neurotrophic and morphogenetic roles in the maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). These neurotransmitters perform integration between separately matured neurons consistent with brain maturation during ontogenic development.
Why is the monoamine theory the most widely accepted theory of depression?
Besides the fact that antidepression drugs are all monoamine agonists, there is other evidence that supports the theory. First, Reserpine, a monoamine antagonist, which was used to treat things like high blood pressure, is rarely used at the present time due to the fact that depression is a common side effect.
What is the monoamine theory of depression wiki?
The observation of this efficacy led to the monoamine hypothesis of depression, which postulates that the deficit of certain neurotransmitters is responsible for depression, and even that certain neurotransmitters are linked to specific symptoms.
Is the monoamine theory true?
Conclusion. It is asserted that the monoamine hypothesis, which claims that low synaptic levels of monoamines are a primary etiology of disease, is not a valid primary reference point for understanding chronic electrical dysfunction related to the centrally acting monoamines.
When was the monoamine hypothesis of depression?
In the 1950s, the amine hypothesis of depression was proposed after it was observed that patients treated for hypertension with reserpine developed depression [1].
What are the MOA drugs?
All three MAOIs (isocarboxazid, phenelzine and tranylcypromine), available in the U.S. and used for the treatment of depression, are irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme monoamine oxidase. Irreversible means that the body must regenerate new monoamine oxidase enzymes to resume previous levels of enzymatic activity.
What are the 4 R’s of depression?
Understanding Response, Remission, Recovery, Relapse and Recurrence.
What theory is best for depression?
The cognitive model of depression is supported by a number of studies and is an important aspect of cognitive-behavioral therapy, which aims to help individuals gain control over their negative thinking patterns and change their beliefs about themselves and the world around them.
What are the 4 major types of depression?
The four types of depression are situational, biological, psychological and existential, each of which has its own primary causes.
What is an example of a monoamine?
Thus, monoamine neurotransmitters are also called neuromodulators, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin (DA, NE, and 5-HT).
What is monoamine antidepressants?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are an extremely strong class of antidepressants that treat depression by preventing the breakdown of the brain chemicals serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. This helps them do their work of regulating your mood.
Why is serotonin called a monoamine?
Monoamine neurotransmitters are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain (such as -CH2-CH2-). Examples are dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin.
What is the neurotransmitter theory of depression?
The monoamine-deficiency theory posits that the underlying pathophysiological basis of depression is a depletion of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine or dopamine in the central nervous system. Serotonin is the most extensively studied neurotransmitter in depression.
What monoamines are in MDD?
The monoamine hypothesis is the most common of such hypotheses of the pathophysiology of MDD. This hypothesis is quite simple and easily understandable; the concentrations of monoamines, such as serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine, in synaptic gaps are decreased in the depressive state.