Table of Contents
What is treatment response PHQ-9?
Treatment response—defined as a 50% or greater reduction in depression symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)—was found to be preferable for comparing treatment outcomes, because it does not favor higher or lower baseline symptom severity, indicates clinically meaningful improvement in depression symptoms … The PHQ-9 is intended as a tool to assist clinicians with identifying and diagnosing depression but is not a substitute for diagnosis by a trained clinician. This is used by some clinicians and organizations to screen patients for undiagnosed depression. The PHQ-2 consists of the first two questions asked on the PHQ-9. PHQ-9 Depression Severity. Scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent cutpoints for mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression, respectively. Usefulness of PHQ-9 in primary care to determine meaningful symptoms of low mood: a qualitative study. PHQ-9 Score Interpretation A PHQ-9 score total of 0-4 points equals “normal” or minimal depression. Scoring between 5-9 points indicates mild depression, 10-14 points indicates moderate depression, 15-19 points indicates moderately severe depression, and 20 or more points indicates severe depression.
Is PHQ-9 a patient reported outcome?
The PHQ-9 is a 9-item patient-reported outcome and depression screening tool. The PHQ-9 has a recall period of 14 days. The PHQ-9 should be administered at least quarterly after initial positive screen (defined as a score of 10 or greater). b. For enrollee/members scoring 5-9 on the PHQ-9, a repeat PHQ-9 should be completed as clinically indicated or at a minimum of at least annually. Using the MHP reinterview as the criterion standard, a PHQ-9 score ≥10 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88% for major depression. PHQ-9 scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represented mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. A PHQ-9 score of 5 was ideal for screening (sensitivity, 87.1%; specificity, 79.7%). In addition to good content validity, PHQ-9 had good 1-month test-retest reliability (r = . 875) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s a = . 835). Sensitivity and specificity analyses showed that the PHQ-9 is sensitive but not specific at capturing depressive symptoms when compared to clinician diagnoses whereas the GAD-7 was neither sensitive nor specific at capturing anxiety symptoms.
What are the severity levels of PHQ-9?
The PHQ-9 total score ranges from 0 to 27 (scores of 5–9 are classified as mild depression; 10–14 as moderate depression; 15–19 as moderately severe depression; ≥ 20 as severe depression) [30]. The 9-question Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a diagnostic tool introduced in 2001 to screen adult patients in a primary care setting for the presence and severity of depression. The Patient Health Questionnaire—9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire– 7 (GAD-7) are short screening instruments used for detection of depression and anxiety symptoms in various settings, including general and mental health care as well as the general population. Several participants thought that not all relevant depressive symptoms were covered by thePHQ-9. It did not allow them to adequately express changes in their symptoms. Missing items include the tendency to withdraw from people, lack of libido and the sudden onset of an inability to cope at work. Any positive score on item #10 on the EPDS or #9 on the PHQ-9 requires a referral.
Can PHQ-9 be used for diagnosis?
The PHQ-9 performs well as a screening instrument; however, in diagnosing depressive disorder, a formal diagnostic process following PHQ-9 remains imperative. The PHQ-9 does not seem adequate for measuring severity, compared to the HDSR-17. In conclusion, the PHQ-9 is a widely used tool in primary care for diagnosing depression and determining depression severity. For practitioners, it can provide an appealing numerical and “objective” diagnosis (Tavabie & Tavabie, 2009). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) — a 9-item self-administered diagnostic screening and severity tool based on current diagnostic criteria for major depression. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), — a 21-question multiple-choice self-report that measures the severity of depression symptoms and feelings. The Severity Measure for Depression—Adult (adapted from the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 [PHQ-9]) is a self- rated 9-item measure that assesses the severity of depressive symptoms in individuals age 18 and older. The measure is completed by the individual prior to a visit with the clinician.
What is treatment response?
Treatment response denotes the extent to which a patient improves, irrespectively of the presence or absence of symptoms [17]. Most respondents reported that positive and negative symptoms should be evaluated at the same time when determining the treatment response. Ways of Assessing Effectiveness. The effectiveness of a particular therapeutic approach can be assessed in three ways: client testimonials, providers’ perceptions, and empirical research. Regarding severity, PHQ-9 comprises five categories, where a cut-off point of 0–4 indicates no depressive symptoms, 5–9 mild depressive symptoms, 10–14 moderate depressive symptoms, 15–19 moderately-severe depressive symptoms, and 20–27 severe depressive symptoms [25].
What is the clinical cut off for PHQ-9?
Regarding severity, PHQ-9 comprises five categories, where a cut-off point of 0–4 indicates no depressive symptoms, 5–9 mild depressive symptoms, 10–14 moderate depressive symptoms, 15–19 moderately-severe depressive symptoms, and 20–27 severe depressive symptoms [25]. A study of 6000 subjects found that PHQ-9 is more than a screening tool for depression; it is also a reliable and effective tool for monitoring the severity of depression [13]. The PHQ-9 should be administered at least quarterly after initial positive screen (defined as a score of 10 or greater). b. For enrollee/members scoring 5-9 on the PHQ-9, a repeat PHQ-9 should be completed as clinically indicated or at a minimum of at least annually. A PHQ-9 score of 5 was ideal for screening (sensitivity, 87.1%; specificity, 79.7%). In addition to good content validity, PHQ-9 had good 1-month test-retest reliability (r = . 875) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s a = . 835). 0–13: no depression. 14–19: mild depression. 20–28: moderate depression. 29–63: severe depression.