Table of Contents
What is an example of the cognitive model of depression?
According to cognitive behavioral theory, depressed people think differently than non-depressed people, and it is this difference in thinking that causes them to become depressed. For example, depressed people tend to view themselves, their environment, and the future in a negative, pessimistic light. Beck’s (1967) cognitive triad model of depression identifies three common forms of negative (helpless and/or critical) self-referent thinking which occur spontaneously (‘automatically’) in individuals with depression: negative thoughts about the self, the world and the future. Cognitive theories of depression posit that people’s thoughts, inferences, attitudes, and interpretations, and the way in which they attend to and recall events, can increase their risk for the development and recurrence of depressive episodes. Major depression is often associated with cognitive problems, but in some cases, this loss of higher mental function dominates the clinical picture and has a significant impact on the overall functioning of the individual concerned, giving rise to the controversial condition for decades labeled pseudodementia. “Negative cognitive styles” (Alloy et al., 1988) is an umbrella term that describes an individual’s tendency to interpret causes of negative events as internal, global, and stable.
What is an example of cognitive model?
One highly active area of cognitive modeling is concerned with the ques- tion of how we learn to categorize perceptual objects. For example, how does a radiologist learn to categorize whether an X-ray image contains a cancerous tumor, a benign tumor, or no tumor at all? Cognitive processes may include attention, perception, reasoning, emoting, learning, synthesizing, rearrangement and manipulation of stored information, memory storage, retrieval, and metacognition. There are six levels of cognitive learning according to the revised version of Bloom’s Taxonomy. Each level is conceptually different. The six levels are remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. Cognition includes all conscious and unconscious processes by which knowledge is accumulated, such as perceiving, recognizing, conceiving, and reasoning. Put differently, cognition is a state or experience of knowing that can be distinguished from an experience of feeling or willing.
How does cognitive theory explain depression?
Cognitive theories of depression posit that people’s thoughts, inferences, attitudes, and interpretations, and the way in which they attend to and recall events, can increase their risk for the development and recurrence of depressive episodes. Cognitive theories are characterized by their focus on the idea that how and what people think leads to the arousal of emotions and that certain thoughts and beliefs lead to disturbed emotions and behaviors and others lead to healthy emotions and adaptive behavior. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) were found to have the greatest positive effect on cognition for depressed participants, as compared to the other classes of antidepressants analysed. Cognitive theory has explained anxiety as the tendency to overestimate the potential for danger. Patients with anxiety disorder tend to imagine the worst possible scenario and avoid situations they think are dangerous, such as crowds, heights, or social interaction. Negative information we hold about ourselves based on negative past experiences that can lead to cognitive biases.
Is depression cognitive or emotional?
Depression affects more than just emotion and mood. It can also change the way your brain functions. The potential cognitive changes from depression include executive dysfunction, impaired learning and memory, reduced attention and concentration, and lower processing speed. The main subcortical limbic brain regions implicated in depression are the amygdala, hippocampus, and the dorsomedial thalamus. Both structural and functional abnormalities in these areas have been found in depression. Medications and psychotherapy are effective for most people with depression. Your primary care doctor or psychiatrist can prescribe medications to relieve symptoms. However, many people with depression also benefit from seeing a psychiatrist, psychologist or other mental health professional.