Table of Contents
Mary Whiton Calkins found what, exactly?
Contributions of Calkins to Psychology The development of the paired association technique and her work in self-psychology are two of her most significant contributions to psychology. Calkins thought that psychology’s main focus should be on the conscious self. She held the view that the self ought to be the primary psychological research object. According to Calkins, the self is made up of a variety of attributes, such as individuality and consciousness. She believed that psychologists should investigate how the self interacts with its surroundings.In the context of psychology, she thought that the self is a conscious, moving force. Self psychology, according to Calkins, is the study of the conscious organism with a focus on the subject (or self), the object, and their interaction.Empathy, selfobject, mirroring, idealization, alter ego/twinship, and the tripolar self are key ideas in understanding self psychology.According to a strict definition, self-concept is the entire collection of our preferences, attitudes, and opinions about ourselves that are organized in a systematic way. Simply put, it’s how we perceive ourselves and how we ought to act in accordance with the various roles we play in life.
What did Mary Whiton Calkins have to say about dreams?
The goal of this investigation was to determine how dreaming and consciousness are related to one another. Calkins came to the conclusion that there was in fact a close relationship between a person’s dream state and conscious state, which means that dreams frequently closely resemble our waking thoughts. The interpretation of dreams, according to Freud, is the key to understanding the mind’s unconscious processes. He was implying that because dreams are largely unconscious, they provide a near-direct window into the unconscious mind’s operations.Freud used a very straightforward method to interpret dreams. He referred to this approach as free association. Freud came to the conclusion that dreams are the veiled fulfillment of repressed infantile wishes as a result of the free association technique.This investigation’s goal was to discover how dreaming and consciousness are related to one another. Calkins came to the conclusion that there was in fact a close relationship between a person’s dream state and conscious state, meaning that dreams frequently closely resemble our waking thoughts.Wish-Fulfillment and Sigmund Freud The renowned psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud was the first to postulate that dreams might have a specific scientific function. The American Psychoanalytic Association reports that he eventually came to believe that dreams frequently fulfilled wishes.
Which Mary Whiton Calkins quotation is most well-known?
All sciences involve facts, and there are two major categories of facts: facts for themselves and facts about themselves. However, the second of these magnificent groups, the Facts-for-themselves, is once more capable of a significant division into internal and external facts. All sciences deal with facts, and there are two major categories of facts: facts for themselves and facts about themselves, according to Mary Whiton Calkins. However, the second of these outstanding groups, the Facts-for-the-Selves, is once more capable of a significant distinction between internal and external facts.Why did Mary Calkins figure so prominently in the quizlet on the history of psychology?Mary Calkins was a student of William James, established one of the first dozen psychology laboratories in the country at Wellesley College in 1891, developed a method that is still widely used to study memory, and, in 1905, became the first woman to lead the American Psychological Association. Marjorie Whiton Calkins. Wellesley College’s Experimental Psychology department.At Wellesley College, she founded one of the first psychological laboratories in the nation. She also published four books and more than a hundred papers in psychology and philosophy. In 1903, she was ranked 12th among the top 50 psychologists in the country.After Mary Whiton Calkins, Margaret Floy Washburn was the second female president of the American Psychological Association (1894). She was also the first woman to receive a doctorate in American psychology. Ironically, Calkins received a doctorate from Harvard in 1894, but the trustees of the university refused to award her a degree.She started her graduate psychology and philosophy studies in 1890, first at Clark University and then at Harvard University, where she was taught by Hugo Münsterberg, Josiah Royce, and William James. She fulfilled all requirements for the PhD.