Table of Contents
What is self-schema?
The term self-schema refers to the beliefs and thoughts people have about themselves in order to organize information about the self. Self-schemas are generalizations about the self that are abstracted from past experiences and acting in a present situation. A few examples of self-schemas are: exciting or dull; quiet or loud; healthy or sickly; athletic or nonathletic; lazy or active; and geek or jock. If a person has a schema for geek or jock, for example, he might think of himself as a bit of a computer geek and would possess a lot of information about that trait. The self-concept is a schema that contains knowledge about us. It is primarily made up of physical characteristics, group memberships, and traits. Because the self-concept is so complex, it has extraordinary influence on our thoughts, feelings, and behavior, and we can remember information that is related to it well. These are centered around objects, the self, roles, and events. Schemas can be changed and reconstructed throughout a person’s life. The two processes for doing so are assimilation and accommodation. Schema theory can be classified into three types: linguistic schema, content schema, and formal schema. Linguistic schema refers to a student’s previous knowledge about phonics, grammar, and vocabulary.
Who has the concept of self-schema?
The term self-schema was introduced in 1977 by Hazel Markus, who based self-schema theory on cognitive psychological theory and research on schemas (or schemata). Schemas (or schemata) are units of understanding that can be hierarchically categorized as well as webbed into complex relationships with one another. For example, think of a house. You probably get an immediate mental image of something out of a kid’s storybook: four windows, front door, suburban setting, chimney. Self-schema help us to remember schema-relevant information, to muster evidence. Difficult to change. Self-knowledge is more accessible in memory than knowledge about others (greater familiarity and complexity in self-knowledge.). We make self-schematic judgments rapidly or slowly depending on the circumstance (p. Positive self-schemas are defined as positive core beliefs about the self and have been found to explain unique variance in psychopathology and well-being among youth (Cherry and Lumley 2019; Keyfitz et al.
How are self-schemas formed?
Self-schemas are considered the cognitive residual of a person in interaction with the social environment (Cantor & Kihlstrom, 1987; Markus, 1977). Categorizations and evaluations of one’s physical and behavioral characteristics made both by the self and others are the means by which schemas are established. Self-schemas are ideas and frameworks through which we perceive information about ourselves. They can change the way we think and act. Negative self-schemas are unhealthy, degrading, and harmful versions of these self-beliefs. Examples include the following: “I am worthless” Second, we distinguish the four main conceptual units that constitute the various selves of self-presentation. These are the public self, the self-concept, the actual or behavioral self, and the ideal self. The self has two functions: the executive function, which helps regulate behavior, and the organizational function, which helps uncover patterns in the world. There are also gender and cultural differences in the way that people form concepts of themselves. A schema is an organized unit of knowledge for a subject or event. It is based on past experience and is accessed to guide current understanding or action. Characteristics: Schemas are dynamic – they develop and change based on new information and experiences and thereby support the notion of plasticity in development. Summary: 1932 – Psychologist Frederic Bartlett Proposes the Schema Theory.
What are the three self-schema?
Subsequently, there are evidence indicating that the self is social through the following three theories: (1) Self-Perception Theory, (2) Self-Discrepancy Theory, and (3) Self-Expansion Theory. Various factors believed to influence our self-esteem include: Genetics. Personality. Life experiences. Two types of Self are commonly considered—the Self that is the ego, also called the learned, superficial Self of mind and body, egoic creation, and the Self which is sometimes called the True Self, the Observing Self, or the Witness. The Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire (AF5, García and Musitu, 2009) assesses five specific dimensions (i.e., academic, social, emotional, family, and physical).
What is self-schemas in psychology?
n. a cognitive framework comprising organized information and beliefs about the self that guides a person’s perception of the world, influencing what information draws the individual’s attention as well as how that information is evaluated and retained. We can think of self-concept like it is a theory we have about ourselves. The more nuanced and detailed the theory, the better it is. That means the more awareness we have about our feelings, characteristics, values, needs, beliefs, etc…, the better we’ll understand ourselves. Self-concept refers to the image we have of ourselves, or who we believe we are. Self-schemas are subsets of our self-concept related to various cognitive aspects. The term self-schema refers to the beliefs and thoughts people have about themselves in order to organize information about the self. Self-schemas are generalizations about the self that are abstracted from past experiences and acting in a present situation. How do we use self-schemas to process information about ourselves? A self-schema helps us quickly organize and interpret information about the self. When we process information about ourselves, the middle frontal lobes light up. People’s scores on the Big Five traits can predict their behavior.