Table of Contents
What are the 3 elements of expectancy theory?
What is Expectancy Theory? Expectancy theory explains the process of why someone chooses one behavior over another. In making this conscious choice, there are three elements considered: expectancy, instrumentality and valence.
What is the expectancy theory?
Expectancy theory suggests that individuals are motivated to perform if they know that their extra performance is recognized and rewarded (Vroom, 1964). Consequently, companies using performance-based pay can expect improvements.
What are the two parts of Expectancy Theory?
Expectancy theory has three components: Expectancy: effort → performance (E→P) Instrumentality: performance → outcome (P→O) Valence: V(R) outcome → reward.
What is the formula for Expectancy Theory?
To summarize expectancy theory, consider this formula: Expectancy + Instrumentality + Valence = Motivation. When all three are high your motivation is at the maximum level to achieve your goals.
Who is father of expectancy theory?
Victor Harold Vroom created the Expectancy Theory of Motivation in 1964. His study of psychology has shed light on how people behave in the workplace, particularly when it comes to motivation, leadership and decision-making.
What is instrumentality and valence expectancy?
Expectancy theory separates the decision making process into expectancy (efforts will lead to high performance), instrumentality (performance will lead to predicted outcomes), and valence (predicted outcomes are desirable). Motivation depends on how much we want something and how likely we think we are to get it.
What is McClelland’s theory?
McClelland’s Human Motivation Theory states that every person has one of three main driving motivators: the needs for achievement, affiliation, or power. These motivators are not inherent; we develop them through our culture and life experiences.
What is McGregor’s theory?
Drawing on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once satisfied, no longer motivates. The company uses monetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees’ lower-level needs. Once those needs have been satisfied, the motivation disappears.
What is the opposite of expectancy theory?
Expectancy theory holds that individuals seek to maximize their positive outcomes. In contrast, Equity theory posits that individuals seek to find balance between their inputs and outcomes.
What are the benefits of expectancy theory?
- Based on the fact that motivation is correlated with satisfaction.
- Expectations can lead to increased motivation, even if the eventual outcome doesn’t meet expectations.
- The theory emphasizes rewards, pay-offs, and goal achievement.
What are the three variables in expectancy theory and how do they explain motivation?
He stated that effort, performance and motivation are linked in a person’s motivation. He uses the variables Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence to account for this. Expectancy is the belief that increased effort will lead to increased performance i.e. if I work harder then this will be better.
What three elements form the foundation of Vroom’s expectancy theory?
Vroom suggests that an employee’s beliefs about Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence interact psychologically to create a motivational force such that the employee acts in ways that bring pleasure and avoid pain.
What is expectancy theory 4?
The Expectancy theory states that employee’s motivation is an outcome of: how much an individual wants a reward (Valence), the assessment that the likelihood that the effort will lead to expected performance (Expectancy) and. the belief that the performance will lead to reward (Instrumentality).
What are the three components to expectancy theory quizlet?
The 3 elements of the theory. Individuals can be motivated toward a goal if they believe that there is a positive correlation between their EFFORT, PERFORMANCE & OUTCOME. Their EFFORT will determine their PERFORMANCE. Their PERFORMANCE will determine the OUTCOME.